# what is fundamental theorem of arithmetic class 10

Question 2: Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and verify that LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers. We will find the prime factorization of $$1080$$. We will find the prime factorizations of $$126, 162$$ and $$180$$. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Statement: Every composite number can be decomposed as a product prime numbers in a unique way, except for the order in which the prime numbers occur. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic – It includes 7 questions based on this theorem. It is also known as the unique factorization theorem or unique prime factorization theorem. The HCF is the product of the smallest power of each common prime factor. If the number 6n will be divisible by 2 and 5, then, it will end with the digit 0 otherwise not. Of course, we can change the order in which the prime factors occur. That is, there is no other way to express $$240$$ as a product of primes. Saving time and can then focus on their studies and practice. Therefore, by Euclid's Lemma, $$p_1$$ divides only one of the primes. p gt 1 is prime if the only positive factors are 1 and p ; if p is not prime it is composite; The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Solution: Numbers which have at least one factor other than 1 and number itself are called composite numbers. Thus, the prime factorization of $$n$$ is unique. The values of x 1, x 2, x 3 and x 4 are 3, 4, 2 and 1 respectively.. There are questions from each exercise of Chapter 1 of 10th Maths, but most of the MCQs can be formed from Exercise 1.4. $\text{LCM }(48, 72) = 2^4 \times 3^2 = 144$. We can learn more about this under the section "HCF and LCM Using Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic" of this page. &=q_{1} q_{2} \cdots q_{j} Is this factorization unique? The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic is one of the most important results in this chapter. Find the HCF of $$126, 162$$ and $$180$$ using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. \end{align} \]. [CBSE 2020] [Maths Basic] 1.0.4 The total number of factors of a prime number is (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3. Please keep a pen and paper ready for rough work but keep your books away. Class 10,Mathematics, Real Numbers (Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic) 1. By taking the example of prime factorization of 140 in different orders. CLUEless in Math? (i) 12, 15 and 21 (ii) 17, 23 and 29 (iii) 8, 9 and 25, Solution: Prime factors of 12 = 2 xx 2 xx 3 = 2^2 xx 3, Therefore, LCM = 2 xx 2 xx 3 xx 5 xx 7 = 420, Solution: Prime factors of 17 = 17 xx 1, Therefore, LCM = 17 xx 23 xx 29 = 11339, Therefore, LCM = 2^3 xx 3^2 xx 5^2 = 8 xx 9 xx 25 = 1800. For example 20 can be expressed as 2xx2xx5. There are systems where unique factorization fails to hold. Get access to detailed reports, customized learning plans, and a FREE counseling session. $\text{LCM }(850, 680) = 2^3 \times 5^2 \times 17^1 = 3400$, $\text{HCF }(850, 680) = 170\\[0.3cm]\text{LCM }(850, 680) = 3400$. To find the LCM of two numbers, we use the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Time taken by Sonia to complete one round = 18 minute, Time taken by Ravi to complete one round = 12 minute, Prime factors of 18 = 2 xx 3 xx 3 = 2 xx 3^2, Prime factors of 12 = 2 xx 2 xx 3 = 2^2 xx 3, Therefore, LCM = 2^2 xx 3^2 = 4 × 9 = 36. Like this: This continues on: 10 is 2×5; 11 is Prime, 12 is 2×2×3; 13 is Prime; 14 is 2×7; 15 is 3×5 \end{aligned}\]. description. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic The Basic Idea. Around 300 BC a philosopher known as Euclid of Alexandria understood that all numbers could be split into these two distinct categories. But, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: definition states that "any number can be expressed as the product of primes in a unique way, except for the order of the primes. Then, $$k$$ can be written as the product of primes. Learn the concepts of Class 10 Maths Real Numbers with Videos and Stories. 2. There is no such thing as the fundamental theorem of arithmetic formula. Solve problems based on them. Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 CBSE Mathematics. We will find the prime factorizations of $$48$$ and $$72$$. The Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic, states that, “Every natural number except 1 can be factorized as a product of primes and this factorization is unique except for the order in which the prime factors are written.” This theorem is also called the unique factorization theorem. Next, we consider the following: We first find the prime factorizations of these numbers. &=2^{4} \times 3^{1} \times 5^{1} 240 &=3^{1} \times 2^{4} \times 5^{1} \\ (i) 26 and 91 (ii) 510 and 92 (iii) 336 and 54, Solution: The prime factors of 26 = 2 xx 13, Now, text(LCM) xx \text(HCF) = 182 xx 13 = 2366, Product of given numbers = 26 xx 91 = 2366, Therefore, LCM × HCF = Product of the given two numbers, Solution: The prime factors of 510 = 2 xx 3 xx 5 xx 17, Therefore, LCM = 2 xx 2 xx 3 xx 5 xx17 xx 23 = 23460, Product of given two Numbers = 510 xx 92 = 46920, Therefore, LCM × HCF = Product of given two numbers, The prime factors of 336 = 2 xx 2 xx 2 xx 2 xx 3 xx 7 = 2^4 xx 3 xx 7, The prime factors of 54 = 2 xx 3 xx 3 xx 3 = 2 xx 3^3, Therefore, LCM of 336 and 54 = 2^4 xx 3^3 xx 7 = 3024, Now, text(LCM) xx \text(HCF) = 3024 xx 6 = 18144, And the product of given numbers = 336 xx 54 = 18144, Therefore, LCM × HCF = Product of given numbers. Question 3: Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers by applying the prime factorization method. \end{aligned}\]. Take any number, say 30, and find all the prime numbers it divides into equally. Theorem 2 : Every composite number can be expressed as a product of … The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer (except the number 1) can be represented in exactly one way apart from rearrangement as a product of one or more primes (Hardy and Wright 1979, pp. \begin{align} Euclid’ division lemma and the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic are the two main topics in 10th Maths chapter 1 Real Numbers. Explore Cuemath Live, Interactive & Personalised Online Classes to make your kid a Math Expert. of the following pairs of integers by applying the Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic Method (Using the Prime Factorisation Method). ", For example, let us find the prime factorization of $$240$$, From the above figure,\[\begin{aligned} Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Start New Online test. 1 Class 10 Maths Exercise 1.2 Solutions. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic - class 10 states, "Every composite number can be factorized as a product of primes, and this factorization is unique, apart from the order in … Induction Step: Let us prove that the statement is true for $$n=k+1$$. The Basic Idea is that any integer above 1 is either a Prime Number, or can be made by multiplying Prime Numbers together. To do so, we have to first find the prime factorization of both numbers. Page Contents. Book a FREE trial class today! \end{aligned}. Using this theorem the LCM and HCF of the given pair of positive integers can be calculated. Example : Find the L.C.M. Question 7: There is a circular path around a sports field. You can download the FREE grade-wise sample papers from below: To know more about the Maths Olympiad you can click here. To find the HCF and LCM of two numbers, we use the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Our Math Experts focus on the “Why” behind the “What.” Students can explore from a huge range of interactive worksheets, visuals, simulations, practice tests, and more to understand a concept in depth. Our theorem further tells us that this factorization must be unique. For this, we first find the prime factorization of both the numbers. Class-10CBSE Board - Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - LearnNext offers animated video lessons with neatly explained examples, Study Material, FREE NCERT Solutions, Exercises and Tests. The values of p 1, p 2, p 3 and p 4 are 2, 3, 5 and 7 respectively.. Ex. notes. Thus, by the mathematical induction, the "existence of factorization" is proved. Class 10 Maths Real Numbers. The LCM is the product of the greatest power of each common prime factor. Question 4: Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657). We can find the prime factorization of any number using the following simulation. Watch Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic Videos tutorials for CBSE Class 10 Mathematics. These NCERT Solutions helps in solving and revising all questions of exercise 1.2 real numbers. It encourages children to develop their math solving skills from a competition perspective. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. This theorem also says that the prime factorisation of a natural number is unique, except for the order of its factors. Question 1: Express each number as a product of its prime factors: (i) 140 (ii) 156 (iii) 3825 (iv) 5005 (v) 7429. Find the LCM of $$48$$ and $$72$$ using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Basic Step: The statement is true for $$n=2$$, Assumption Step: Let us assume that the statement is true for $$n=k$$. This is the root of his discovery, known as the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, as follows. LCM is the product of the greatest power of each common prime factor. Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes and this expression is unique, except from the order in which the prime factors occur. 113400 = 2 3 x 3 4 x 5 2 x 7 1. The statement of Fundamental Theorem Of Arithmetic is: "Every composite number can be factorized as a product of primes, and this factorization is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur. Class 10. Q 1, Ex 1.2 – Real Numbers – Chapter 1 – Maths Class 10th – NCERT. So the uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that (here are no other primes except 2 and 3 in the factorisation of 6 n. So there is no natural number n for which 6” ends with digit zero. Therefore, for any value of n, 6n will not be divisible by 5. Question 5: Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n. Solution: Numbers that ends with zero are divisible by 5 and 10. It states that every composite number can be expressed as a product of prime numbers, this factorization is unique except for the order in which the prime factors occur. Printable Worksheets and Tests . For example: (i) 30 = 2 × 3 × 5, 30 = 3 × 2 × 5, 30 = 2 × 5 × 3 and so on. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic ,Real Numbers - Get topics notes, Online test, Video lectures, Doubts and Solutions for CBSE Class 10 on TopperLearning. Watch Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic in English from Natural and Whole Numbers and Real Numbers and Prime and Composite Numbers here. Understand that multiplication and division are inverse operations to each other. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that every composite number greater than 1 can be expressed or factorised as a unique product of prime numbers except in the order of the prime factors. Help your child score higher with Cuemath’s proprietary FREE Diagnostic Test. Since, given expression 7 xx 11 xx 13 + 13 has two prime factors other than 1, thus it is a composite number. But the set of prime factors (and the number of times each factor occurs) is unique. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. The above prime factorization is unique by the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1- Real Number Exercise 1.2 Page number 14. This theorem also says that the prime factorisation of a natural number is unique, except for the order of its factors. Suppose they both start at the same point and at the same time, and go in the same direction. 240 &=2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 5 \\ We can write the prime factorisation of a number in the form of powers of its prime factors. Understand that addition and subtraction are inverse operations to each other. Since \(j